The Problem
America's Strategic Vulnerability in Bitcoin Mining
Three Threats from Chinese-Manufactured Hardware
Chinese-Manufactured Hardware
Bitmain & MicroBT (97% market share)
Track 1: Export Controls
Result: Rate payer impact, grid instability, loss of U.S. hashrate sovereignty
Track 2: Backdoors & Kill Switches
Result: Grid security is national security — adversary control over critical infrastructure
Security Incidents Timeline
Security researchers discover hidden firmware in Bitmain hardware capable of remotely shutting down mining equipment.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection intercepts Bitmain hardware shipments amid growing national security concerns.
DHS launches investigation into Bitmain hardware for potential remote-control and espionage capabilities embedded in mining equipment deployed across the U.S.
Documents Chinese-owned mining operations located near sensitive U.S. military and intelligence installations.
Key Takeaway
The U.S. leads global hashrate at 38%, but this dominance is built on 97% adversary-manufactured hardware — creating supply chain vulnerability, espionage risk, and potential for coordinated disruption that could collapse American mining capacity within months.
The Opportunity
Before we get to the solution, let's talk about the opportunity
Bitcoin mining is one of the most valuable tools available to the United States for strengthening our energy grid, improving our energy systems, and protecting our environment.
- Mining provides demand-responsive load that can curtail within seconds during grid emergencies
- 20,000 GWh of renewable energy curtailed annually across U.S. grids — mining can absorb this waste
- 9,500+ MW of approved flexible mining load in ERCOT alone
- $15B+ annual value in grid flexibility (Brattle Group estimate)
- Mining-methane integration can bring ~50 landfills to carbon-neutral status
- Captures vented methane from landfills, oil/gas wells, and wastewater treatment plants
- White House OSTP acknowledged mining's positive climate impact potential
- Peer-reviewed research by Rudd et al. validates landfill gas-to-energy mining benefits
- $4.14B annual GDP contribution from Bitcoin mining operations
- 31,000+ direct and indirect jobs created across the mining ecosystem
- Rural anchor tenant model — mining facilities justify infrastructure investment in underserved areas
- $38B+ in mining-to-AI conversion deals announced, creating dual-use compute infrastructure
Key Takeaway
Bitcoin mining strengthens America's energy grid, captures wasted methane emissions, contributes $4.14B in annual GDP, and supports 31,000+ jobs — all while creating infrastructure that can be converted to AI compute.
The Solution
Mined in America is the solution to move away from Chinese hardware
Incentives Not Mandates
Certification is voluntary. Access to federal programs and tax benefits rewards compliance — it doesn't punish non-participation.
Gradual Transition
A predictable timeline from 2027 to 2030 gives operators years to plan capital expenditures and shift supply chains.
Zero New Spending
All benefits flow through existing, already-appropriated federal programs. No additional taxpayer cost.
The Virtuous Loop
Certification creates a self-reinforcing cycle that strengthens every component
U.S. Hardware
Domestic manufacturing
Enables grid participation
Grid & Env Benefits
Stability & emissions reduction
Reinvest in domestic
CYCLE
Qualifies for SBR sale
Capital Gains Exemption
IRC Section 139M
Tax-free sale to Reserve
Sell BTC to SBR
On-chain verified provenance
U.S. Hardware
Domestic manufacturing
Grid & Env Benefits
Stability & emissions reduction
Sell BTC to SBR
On-chain verified provenance
Capital Gains Exemption
IRC Section 139M
Loop continues — reinvest in U.S. hardware
Certification Requirements:
- Hardware provenance from U.S. or allied/friendly nations
- Cybersecurity standards compliance
- Ownership transparency requirements
- Mining pool certification
Certification unlocks: Access to 4 existing federal energy programs + capital gains tax exemption for selling mined Bitcoin to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.
Key Takeaway
The voluntary certification program creates a clear pathway from 97% adversary hardware dependence to 0% by 2030 — using incentives, not mandates, with zero new federal spending.
Federal Program Access
What Certification Unlocks
These programs already exist and are already funded. Bitcoin mining naturally aligns with what they were designed to support — grid stability, environmental remediation, infrastructure reinvestment, and rural economic development. Certification simply opens the door.
Zero New Federal Spending
All programs are already appropriated — no additional taxpayer cost.
Why mining qualifies: Mining facilities are innovative energy projects that monetize stranded and curtailed power.
Why mining qualifies: Mining repurposes decommissioned power plants and industrial sites into productive compute facilities.
Why mining qualifies: Mining is the fastest demand-response resource on any grid — curtailing in seconds, not minutes.
Why mining qualifies: Mining is the anchor tenant that makes rural energy infrastructure investment viable.
Key Takeaway
Certified miners gain access to four existing federal energy programs — Title XVII loans, infrastructure reinvestment, smart grid grants, and USDA REAP — all without a single dollar of new appropriations.
The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve
Revenue Generation, Statutory Codification & National Security
BTC Holdings: U.S. vs China
The race for Bitcoin reserves is already underway. Mined in America ensures the U.S. stays ahead.
National Security Dimensions
- Reserve asset for inflation hedging and economic sovereignty
- Geopolitical competition — China, Russia, and other nations are accumulating Bitcoin
- Permanent statutory authority prevents future administrations from liquidating reserves
- Jason Lowery thesis: proof-of-work extends physical power projection into cyberspace
- DARPA-funded blockchain secure messaging for decentralized military communications
- NATO interest in proof-of-work for cyber defense and resilient infrastructure
Strategic Reserve Value Calculator
Explore the cost of selling seized Bitcoin and the potential of holding
| Sale | BTC | Sold At |
|---|---|---|
| Jun 2014 | 29,657 | $600 |
| Dec 2014 | 50,000 | $350 |
| Mar 2015 | 50,000 | $280 |
| Nov 2015 | 44,341 | $365 |
| Aug 2016 | 2,719 | $580 |
| Jan 2018 | 3,813 | $11,000 |
| Mar 2018 | 2,170 | $8,500 |
| Jan 2023 | 9,861 | $17,000 |
Sold For
$295.1M
192,561 BTC
Worth Today
$12.98B
@ $67,400/BTC
Opportunity Cost to Taxpayers
$12.68B
Value lost by selling instead of holding
Data from U.S. Marshals Service auctions and DOJ records. Current BTC price: $67,400
Revenue Flow to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve
Treasury stakes Digital Asset Stockpile holdings to generate revenue that funds Bitcoin acquisition
Digital Asset Stockpile
Non-BTC seized assets
Staking Rewards & Airdrops
Yield from staked assets
Strategic Bitcoin Acquisition Account
Dedicated funding pool
Purchases Bitcoin
Open market & miners
Strategic Bitcoin Reserve
National BTC holdings
Digital Asset Stockpile
Non-BTC seized assets
Staking Rewards & Airdrops
Yield from staked assets
Strategic Bitcoin Acquisition Account
Dedicated funding pool
Purchases Bitcoin
Open market & miners
Strategic Bitcoin Reserve
National BTC holdings
Complements state-level SBR laws already enacted in NH, AZ, and TX.
Key Takeaway
The Mined in America Act codifies the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve in federal statute, creates a self-sustaining acquisition mechanism, and incentivizes certified miners to strengthen national holdings through tax exemptions — while positioning Bitcoin as critical national security infrastructure.
Energy Development & AI Conversion
Bitcoin mining is an energy development tool — it arrives first, builds infrastructure, then enables the future of American compute
In ecology, a pioneer species is the first organism to colonize barren environments, enriching the soil so more complex species can follow. Bitcoin mining plays the same role in energy: it monetizes stranded, wasted, or uneconomic energy sources — building the power, cooling, networking, and permitting infrastructure that higher-value compute (AI, HPC) requires but cannot justify building alone.
Concept credit: Brandon Quittem
Phase 1
Stranded Energy
Wasted, curtailed, uneconomic
Phase 2
Bitcoin Mining
Monetizes energy, builds infra
Phase 3
Infrastructure Matures
Power, cooling, permits ready
Phase 4
AI/HPC Arrives
Higher-value compute moves in
- Power capacity — grid connections, substations, transformers
- Cooling infrastructure — immersion, air, and liquid systems
- Networking & fiber — low-latency connectivity already installed
- Permits & land — years of zoning, environmental review, and construction already complete
- U.S. mining infrastructure becomes U.S. AI infrastructure — no new construction required
- $38B+ in conversion deals already announced demonstrates market validation
- Domestic AI compute reduces dependence on foreign data center capacity
- Rural communities gain permanent high-tech infrastructure and jobs
Key Takeaway
Bitcoin mining is the pioneer species that builds the infrastructure AI needs. $38B+ in mining-to-AI conversion deals prove that investing in domestic mining today creates dual-use compute infrastructure for tomorrow.
Mandated Studies
The bill directs three critical studies to inform future policy
Supporting Research
Peer-reviewed studies, policy guides, and strategic frameworks supporting the case for domestic Bitcoin mining
Grid Stability & Energy
Environmental & Methane Mitigation
Strategic Reserve & Inflation Hedge
Cyber Defense & National Security
Take Action
Help secure America's Bitcoin mining future
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about the Mined in America Act
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